Herbal formulation, Novel dosage forms (Part - I) T.Y B.Pharm, Sem VI, Herbal drug technology Unit III, PCI syllabus.

NOVEL HERBAL DOSAGE FORMS

NOVEL HERBAL FORMULATION

Topics covered:-

• Introduction to novel herbal dosage forms
• Advantages
• Different novel drug delivery system of herbal drug
• Phytosomes

      Now a day's significant attention has been concentrated on the development of a novel

drug delivery system (NDDS) for herbal drugs. Conventional dosage forms are not capable

to satisfy the requirement of holding the drug component at a distinct rate all through the

period of treatment and are not target specific.

Novel herbal drug carriers cure particular disease by targeting exactly the affected zone

inside a patient's body and transporting the drug to that area.

Novel drug delivery system is advantageous in delivering the herbal drug at predetermined

rate and delivery of drug at the site of action which minimizes the toxic effects with

increase in bio availability of drugs.

In novel drug delivery technology, control of the distribution of drug is achieved by

incorporating the drug in carrier system or in changing the structure of the drug at

molecular level.

Advantages:-

1. Novel herbal drug carriers heal particular disease by targeting just the affected area inside a patient's body and transporting the drug to that region.

2. It delivers the herbal drug at predetermined rate and at the site of action which minimizes the toxic effects with an increase in bio availability of drugs.

3. Enhancement of solubility.

4. Increased bio availability.

      5. Protection from toxicity.

      6. Enhancement of pharmacological activity. Enhancement of stability.

      7. Improved tissue macrophages distribution. Sustained delivery.

      8. Protection from physical and chemical degradation.

   
Different novel drug delivery system for herbal drug:-

    1.Phytosomes.      

    2.Liposome's.        

    3.Pharmacosomes.

    4.Nanoparticles.

    5.Microspheres.

    6.Transfersomes.

    7.Ethosomes. 

    8. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS)

    9. proniosomes

   1. PHYTOSOMES:-

      The word phyto means plant and some means cell like. Phytosomes are small cell like

   structures. A phytosome is a complex made up of a natural active ingredient or drug and a

   phospholipids mostly lecithin.

   Phytosomes include herbal drug which is loaded in vesicles and is available in the nano form

   The phytosome provide a coating around the active constituent of drug and due to this the

   main constituent of herbal extract remains safe from degradation by digestive secretion and

   bacteria.

   Most of the bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are flavonoids, which are poorly

   bioavailable when taken orally. Water-soluble phytoconstituent molecules (mainly

   polyphenoles) can be converted into lipid compatible molecular complexes, which are called

   phytosomes.

   Phytosomes are more bioavailable as compared to simple herbal extracts owing to their

   enhanced capacity to cross the lipid rich bio-membranes and finally reaching the blood.

   Phytosome is effectively absorbed from a water loving environment into lipid loving

   environment of the cell membrane and finaly reaching to blood circulation.

   It can be used in the treatment of various fatal diseases like cardiovascular,
   anti inflammatory,  hepatoprotective and anticancer without denaturing the active phyto
   compounds and also enhances bioavailability.

   PREPARATION OF PHYTOSOME:-

   Phytosomes are generally prepared by adding accurate amount of phospholipid, ie., Soya

   lecithin with herbal extracts in an aprotic solvent. Soya lecithin contains a main constituent,
   i.e Phosphatidylcholine which is having a double function. Phosphatidyl part is lipophilic in 

   nature and choline part is hydrophilic in nature. The choline part is attached with 
   hydrophilic main active constituents, where as phosphatidyl part is lipid soluble compound,
   attached with choline bound complex. It results in the formation of lipid complex with
   be stability and bioavailability.

   Phytosomes can be prepared by any one of the following methods.

   1. ANTISOLVENT PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUE:-

   The specific amount of drug and soya lecithin were taken into a 100 ml round bottom flask
   and refluxed with 20 ml of dichloromethane at a temperature not exceeding 60 C for 2 h.

   The mixture is concentrated to 5-10 ml. Hexane (20 ml) was added carefully with continuous

   stirring to get the precipitate which was filtered and collected and stored in vacuum

   desiccators overnight.

   The dried precipitate is crushed in mortar and passed through sieve #100 meshes. Powdered

   complex was placed in amber colored glass bottle and stored at room temperature.

   2. ROTARY EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

   The specific amount of drug and soya lecithin were dissolved in 30 ml of THF

   (tetrahydrofuran) in a rotary round bottom flask followed by stirring for 3 hours at a

   temperature not exceeding 40-C. Thin film of the sample was obtained to which n-hexane

   was added and continuously stirred using a magnetic stirrer.

   The precipitate obtained was collected, placed in amber colored glass bottle and stored at

   room temperature.

   3. SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD

   The specific amount of drug and soya lecithin were taken into a 100 ml round bottom flat
    and refluxed with 20 ml of acetone at a temperature 50 - 60-C for 2 h. The mixture is
   concentrated to 5-10 ml to obtain the precipitate which was filtered and collected. The dried
   precipitate complex was placed in amber colored glass bottle and stored at room
   temperature.

   EVALUATION OF PHYTOSOMES:- Evaluation of phytosomes is done by following

   parameters-

   1.Determination of % yield

   2.Determination of particle size

   3.Determination of entrapment efficiency

   4.Determination of drug content

   5.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

   6.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

   7.FTIR Spectroscopy.


Novel herbal dosage forms Part 2 (Liposomes, Pharmacosomes, Nanoparticles)  click on the link
below
https://ansaripharmaeducation.blogspot.com/2020/05/herbal-formulation-novel-dosage-forms_8.html

Novel herbal dosage forms Part 3 (Microspheres, Transferosomes, Ethosomes, TDDS, Niosomes,
Proniosomes)  click on the link below
https://ansaripharmaeducation.blogspot.com/2020/05/herbal-formulation-novel-dosage-forms_84.html